Single-hung windows are a straightforward and common window type. Their defining feature is a fixed top sash and an operable bottom sash that slides vertically. Understanding how they open, close, tilt (if applicable), and work with screens helps you use and maintain them effectively.
This guide explains the basic operation and common features of single-hung windows, including the tilt-in function for cleaning, screen types, and glass options.
Need more basic info? See our full guide: What is a Single-Hung Window?
How Single-Hung Windows Open and Close
The operation is simple:
- Unlock: Locate the lock(s) on the meeting rail (where the bottom sash’s top meets the top sash’s bottom). Turn or flip the latch(es) to the unlocked position (usually pointing outwards).
- Lift to Open: Place hands under the bottom rail or on the lift rail of the bottom sash. Push evenly upwards. The sash slides vertically in tracks within the side jambs.
- Stop at Desired Height: A balance system (using hidden springs or sometimes older cords/weights) helps counteract the sash’s weight, allowing it to stay open at various positions. (Experiencing issues? See our guide on fixing window balance systems).
- Pull Down to Close: Grip the top rail or lift rail of the bottom sash and pull downwards smoothly until it rests securely on the sill.
- Lock: Engage the lock(s) fully (usually pointing inwards). This ensures security and a tighter seal against drafts. (Learn more about sealing and securing windows).
The Tilt-In Feature for Easy Cleaning
Do single-hung windows tilt? Many modern ones do, specifically the bottom sash, making exterior glass cleaning much easier from inside. Older models typically do not tilt.
How Tilt-In Works:
- Small tilt latches are located on the top edge of the bottom sash frame (one on each side).
- Releasing these latches allows the top of the sash to pivot inward, while the bottom edge remains connected via pivot bars that sit in balance shoes within the track.
How to Tilt Your Window:
- Unlock the window.
- Raise the Bottom Sash Slightly: Lift it about 3-6 inches from the sill. (This prevents it from hitting the frame when tilting).
- Engage Tilt Latches: Simultaneously slide or press both tilt latches inwards (towards the center).
- Pull Sash Inward: Gently pull the top of the sash towards you. Support its weight as it tilts into the room.
- Clean: You can now easily access and clean the exterior glass surface. (See our full window cleaning guide).
How to Return the Tilted Sash:
- Tilt Upright: Carefully push the sash back towards the window frame until it’s vertical.
- Engage Latches: Push the top of the sash firmly back into the frame until both tilt latches click securely into place.
- Test: Slide the sash up and down fully to ensure it’s properly seated in the tracks and operates smoothly. Close and lock.
(Troubleshooting: If it doesn’t close smoothly after tilting, ensure the sash is square in the frame before pushing it back in, or try tilting it further inward briefly to reset the pivot bars in the balance shoes).
Window Screens on Single-Hung Windows
- Do they have screens? Yes, most come equipped with screens to allow airflow while keeping insects out.
- Type: Typically half screens are used, covering only the bottom, operable portion of the window. They are installed on the exterior.
- Attachment: Screens usually attach via spring-loaded pins, tabs fitting into channels, or small clips.
- Removal/Reinstallation: Generally involves lifting the screen slightly, releasing pins/tabs, and pulling it outward or inward (depending on design). Reverse the process to reinstall. Clean screens regularly for better airflow and appearance.
Glass Options: Single vs. Double Pane
- Single Pane: One layer of glass. Less common now due to poor energy efficiency.
- Double Pane (Insulated Glass Unit – IGU): Standard for modern windows. Two panes separated by a sealed space (filled with air or inert gas like argon) significantly improve insulation and reduce noise.
- Energy Efficiency Features: Look for Low-E coatings (reflect heat) and gas fills for optimal performance. Single-hung windows, due to their fixed top sash, can be slightly more airtight than double-hung windows, but the glass package is the biggest factor in overall efficiency. (Explore single-hung window energy efficiency).
- When ordering new single-hung windows, selecting an advanced glass package is key for comfort and energy savings.
Troubleshooting Common Operational Issues
- Won’t Open/Close Smoothly: Usually due to dirty/unlubricated tracks or a balance system issue. (Try cleaning and basic fixes first).
- Tilt Latches Stuck/Broken: May need cleaning, lubrication, or replacement.
- Screen Damaged/Doesn’t Fit: Bent frames might be gently reshaped; torn mesh can be patched or replaced. Ensure screen is installed correctly.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
- Do both parts of a single-hung window move?
No, only the bottom sash moves vertically. The top sash is fixed. - How do I know if my single-hung window tilts?
Look for small sliding latches or buttons on the top edge of the bottom sash frame. - Can I get a full screen for a single-hung window?
Typically they use half screens, but custom full screens might be available from some manufacturers or screen shops. - What’s the balance system?
It’s the mechanism (usually springs) inside the side jambs that helps lift the bottom sash and hold it open. - Can I replace a fixed top sash with one that opens?
No, this requires replacing the entire window unit with a double-hung window.
Conclusion
Single-hung windows operate via a simple vertical sliding mechanism for the bottom sash, often aided by a balance system. Many modern versions include a convenient tilt-in feature for the bottom sash, simplifying cleaning. Understanding these functions, along with screen operation and glass options, helps you use and choose the right single-hung windows for your home. Regular cleaning and basic maintenance will keep them working smoothly for years.
