Doors are more than just entryways; they’re complex systems providing security, privacy, and aesthetic appeal. Whether you’re a homeowner, a builder, or simply curious, understanding أجزاء الباب is essential.
This comprehensive guide breaks down the anatomy of a door and door frame, explaining each component’s role, from the basic door structure to the essential door hardware components. We’ll cover various door types, door materials, and important door terminology to equip you with the knowledge you need for choosing, installing, or repairing doors.
Core Components: Door Slab and Door Frame
The main components are the لوح الباب (the door itself) and the اطار الباب that supports it. Let’s delve into each:
The Door Slab: Anatomy of the Door
ال لوح الباب is the main, movable part of the door. It fills the frame opening and can be made of wood, fiberglass, steel, or glass. Here’s a breakdown of أجزاء الباب:
- ستايلز: The vertical pieces forming the sides of the door.
- نمط المفصلة: The side where door hinges are attached.
- نمط القفل: The side opposite the hinge stile, where the door lockset is installed.
- القضبان: The horizontal pieces forming the top, middle, and bottom of the door.
- السكة العلوية: The uppermost horizontal piece.
- السكة السفلية: The lowermost horizontal piece.
- Middle/Lock Rail (Cross Rail): A horizontal piece at lock height.
- إفريز/سكة وسيطة: سكة أفقية تقع أسفل السكة العلوية.
- لوحة: The filled-in area between the stiles and rails (common in panel doors). Panels can be raised, flat, or recessed.
- الموليونز: Vertical or horizontal bars dividing sections within the door, often separating glass panels.
- Top Mullion
- Mid Mullion
- Lower Mullion
- تزجيج: The glass components (windows, decorative inserts). Options include single, double, or triple-paned glass.
- صب: Decorative trim around door panels.
- رف دنتيلا: A small, decorative shelf often below a glass pane.
The Door Frame: Structure and Support
ال اطار الباب provides stability and holds the door in place. It’s crucial for proper door function. Here’s a breakdown of door frame parts:
- العتبات: The vertical components on the sides of the door opening.
- مفصلات الباب: The jamb where door hinges are attached.
- مزلاج/عمود الضربة: The jamb where the door latch connects.
- الرأس/عمود الرأس: The horizontal component at the top, connecting the side jambs.
- عتبة: The bottom part of the frame that rests on the floor.
- عتبة: The flat surface you step over to enter. It helps seal the door and is often made of wood or metal.
- سدادة الباب: A thin strip that the door rests against when closed, ensuring a secure fit.
- Casing (Architrave): Decorative molding surrounding the door frame, filling gaps between the frame and the wall.
- قالب الطوب: Exterior trim covering the gap between the door frame and the exterior wall.
Essential Door Hardware: Functionality and Security
معدات الباب includes functional and decorative elements that enhance usability and security.
- Hinges and Pivots: Mechanisms allowing the door to swing. Types include:
- Ball Bearing Hinge
- Butt Hinge
- Continuous Hinge
- Pivot Hinge
- Radius Hinge
- Spring Hinge
- Square Hinge
- Strap Hinge
- Door Handles and Knobs: Used to open and close the door.
- Knob
- Lever Handle
- Thumb Latch
- Rosette
- Backplate
- Spindle
- Locking Mechanisms: Securing the door.
- Latch
- Deadbolt
- Lockset
- Mortise Lock
- Cylindrical Lock
- Multi-Point Locking System
- Flush Bolt
- Privacy Bolt
- Strike and Mortise Plates: Reinforcing the door’s security.
- Strike Plate
- Mortise Plate
- Faceplate
- Additional Hardware: Enhancing function and protection.
- Door Sweep
- Weather Stripping
- Kick Plate
- Mop Plates
- Armor Plates
- Stretcher Plates
- Escutcheon
Specialty Door Parts: Unique Features
Beyond the core components, doors may include:
- الأضواء الجانبية: Fixed glass panels beside the door.
- العوارض العلوية: Small windows above the door.
- استراغال: A vertical piece sealing the gap between double doors.
- الشوايات/المصابيح: Bars dividing a glass pane.
- مونتينس: Dividers within glass panes.
- كوة: Slats or blades allowing air passage.
أنواع الأبواب حسب التشغيل
- الباب النشط: The primary door in a double-door system.
- الباب السلبي: The secondary door in a double-door system.
- باب مزدوج الفعل: Opens both inward and outward.
- الباب الهولندي: Two halves that operate separately.
- الباب الفرنسي: Has glass panes throughout its length.
- باب جرار: Opens horizontally on a track.
Door Materials: Choices and Characteristics
- أبواب خشبية: Classic look, good insulation, but require maintenance.
- أبواب الألياف الزجاجية: Durable, low-maintenance, energy-efficient.
- الأبواب الفولاذية: Most secure, resist warping, energy-efficient.
- أبواب الألومنيوم: Lightweight, rust-resistant, often used for frames.
- أبواب زجاجية: Modern look, transparency, use safety glass.
Door Terminology: Important Definitions
- التعامل مع الباب/تأرجح الباب: The direction a door swings (in-swing or out-swing).
- الباب المعلق مسبقًا: Comes with the frame, hinges, and pre-drilled holes, pre-assembled.
- باب لوح: Comes without a frame.
- مجموعة الباب: The leaf and frame together as one unit.
- المجموعة المباشرة: Sidelites or transoms directly mounted into the frame.
- ثقب الحفر: The hole for a lockset.
- الافتتاح الخشن (RO): Framed gap in a wall for a door.
- العتب: A structural beam above the door.
Maintaining Door Components: Longevity and Smooth Operation
- Lubricate hinges regularly.
- Inspect and replace weatherstripping.
- Clean panels with appropriate cleaners.
- Tighten screws on hinges and handles.
خاتمة:
فهم parts of a door and frame is crucial for homeowners and building professionals alike. This knowledge empowers you to make informed decisions, communicate effectively, and ensure your doors provide security, functionality, and beauty for years to come. By mastering door terminology and understanding the different door components, you’ll be well-equipped to tackle any door-related project.
